Reference summary — not medical advice or a personal risk estimate.
Outdoor air pollution
Summary
Outdoor air pollution and the particulate matter in it are associated with increased lung and bladder cancer risk.
Detail
IARC classifies outdoor air pollution and the particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) component as Group 1 with sufficient evidence for lung cancer and limited evidence for bladder cancer. WHO estimates air pollution contributes substantially to global lung cancer mortality.
Regional relevance
global
Documented in these products
Presence in a product category doesn't imply the product causes cancer. Click each to see the source and context.
Sources
Primary sources
Supporting sources
- ACS — ACS — Known and Probable Human Carcinogens
- Cancer Research UK — Cancer Research UK — Causes of cancer and reducing your risk
- IARC / WHO — European Code Against Cancer — European Code Against Cancer (5th edition) — 14 ways you can help prevent cancer
- NTP — NTP — Report on Carcinogens (US National Toxicology Program)
Consumer references
Third-party tools some readers use alongside primary evidence. Meyron doesn't endorse them; we link them because you'll otherwise hit them anyway.
- California Prop 65 list
State of California's list of chemicals known to cause cancer or reproductive harm.